Many different types of infections
can be transmitted sexually. The most common STDs are described below.
Chlamydia
A certain type of bacteria causes
chlamydia. It’s the most commonly reported STD among Americans, notes the
Many people with chlamydia have no
noticeable symptoms. When symptoms do develop, they often include:
- pain or discomfort during sex or urination
- green or yellow discharge from the penis or
vagina
- pain in the lower abdomen
If left untreated, chlamydia can lead
to:
- infections of the urethra, prostate
gland, or testicles
- pelvic
inflammatory disease
- infertility
If a pregnant woman has untreated
chlamydia, she can pass it to her baby during birth. The baby may develop:
- pneumonia
- eye infections
- blindness
Antibiotics can easily treat
chlamydia. Read more about
chlamydia, including how to prevent, recognize, and treat it.
HPV (human papillomavirus)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus
that can be passed from one person to another through intimate skin-to-skin or
sexual contact. There are many different strains of the virus. Some are more
dangerous than others.
The most common symptom of HPV is
warts on the genitals, mouth, or throat.
Some strains of HPV infection can lead
to cancer, including:
- oral cancer
- cervical cancer
- vulvar cancer
- penile cancer
- rectal cancer
While most cases of HPV don’t become
cancerous, some strains of the virus are more likely to cause cancer than
others. According to the
There’s no treatment for HPV.
However, HPV infections often clear up on their own. There’s also a vaccine
available to protect against some of the most dangerous strains, including HPV
16 and HPV 18.
If a person contracts HPV, proper
testing and screenings can help their doctor assess and manage your risk of
complications. Discover the steps you
can take to protect yourself against HPV and its potential complications.
Syphilis
Syphilis is another bacterial
infection. It often goes unnoticed in its early stages.
The first symptom to appear is a
small round sore, known as a chancre. It can develop on your genitals, anus, or
mouth. It’s painless but very infectious.
Later symptoms of syphilis can include:
- rash
- fatigue
- fever
- headaches
- joint pain
- weight loss
- hair loss
If left untreated, late-stage syphilis
can lead to:
- loss of vision
- loss of hearing
- loss of memory
- mental illness
- infections of the brain or spinal cord
- heart disease
- death
Fortunately, if caught early enough,
syphilis is easily treated with antibiotics. However, syphilis infection in a
newborn can be fatal. That’s why it’s important for all pregnant women to be
screened for syphilis.
The earlier syphilis is diagnosed and
treated, the less damage it does. Find the information you need to recognize syphilis and
stop it in its tracks.
HIV
HIV can damage the immune system and
raise the risk of contracting other viruses or bacteria and developing certain
cancers. If left untreated, it can lead to stage 3 HIV, known as AIDS. But with today’s treatment, many people
living with HIV don’t ever develop AIDS.
In the early or acute stages, it’s
easy to mistake the symptoms of HIV with those of the flu. For example, the
early symptoms can include:
- fever
- chills
- aches and pains
- swollen lymph nodes
- sore throat
- headache
- nausea
- rashes
These initial symptoms typically
clear within a month or so. From that point onward, a person can carry HIV
without developing serious or persistent symptoms for many
years. Other people may develop nonspecific symptoms, such as:
- recurrent fatigue
- fevers
- headaches
- stomach issues
There’s no cure for HIV yet, but treatment options
are available to manage it. Early and effective treatment can help people with
HIV live as long as those without HIV.
Proper treatment can also lower a
person’s chances of transmitting HIV to a
sexual partner. In fact, treatment can potentially lower the amount
of HIV in a person’s body to undetectable levels. At undetectable levels, HIV
can’t be transmitted to other people, reports the
Without routine testing, many people
with HIV don’t realize they have it. To promote early diagnosis and treatment,
the
Free and confidential testing can be
found in all major cities and many public health clinics. A government tool for
finding local testing services is available here.
With recent advancements in testing
and treatment, it’s possible to live a long and healthy life with HIV. Get the facts you need to protect yourself or your
partner from HIV.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is another common bacterial
STD. It’s also known as “the clap.”
Many people with gonorrhea develop no
symptoms. But when present, symptoms may include:
- a white, yellow, beige, or green-colored
discharge from the penis or vagina
- pain or discomfort during sex or urination
- more frequent urination than usual
- itching around the genitals
- sore throat
If left untreated, gonorrhea can lead
to:
- infections of the urethra, prostate
gland, or testicles
- pelvic
inflammatory disease
- infertility
It’s possible for a mother to pass
gonorrhea to a newborn during childbirth. When that happens, gonorrhea can
cause serious health problems in the baby. That’s why many doctors encourage
pregnant women to get tested and treated for potential STDs.
Gonorrhea can usually be treated with
antibiotics. Learn more about the
symptoms, treatment options, and long-term outlook for people with gonorrhea.
Pubic lice (‘crabs’)
“Crabs” is another name for pubic
lice. They’re tiny insects that can take up residence on your pubic hair. Like
head lice and body lice, they feed on human blood.
Common symptoms of pubic lice
include:
- itching around the genitals or anus
- small pink or red bumps around the genitals or
anus
- low-grade fever
- lack of energy
- irritability
A person might also be able to see
the lice or their tiny white eggs around the roots of pubic hair. A magnifying
glass can help you spot them.
If left untreated, pubic lice can be
transmitted to other people through skin-to-skin contact or shared clothing,
bedding, or towels. Scratched bites can also become infected. It’s best to
treat pubic lice infestations immediately.
If a person has pubic lice, they can
use over-the-counter topical treatments and tweezers to remove them from your
body. It’s also important to clean your clothes, bedding, towels, and home. Here’s more on how to get rid of pubic lice and prevent reinfection.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is also known as
“trich.” It’s caused by a tiny protozoan organism that can be passed from one
person to another through genital contact.
According to the
- discharge from the vagina or penis
- burning or itching around the vagina or penis
- pain or discomfort during urination or sex
- frequent urination
In women, trich-related discharge
often has an unpleasant or “fishy” smell.
If left untreated, trich can lead to:
- infections of the urethra
- pelvic
inflammatory disease
- infertility
Trich can be treated with
antibiotics. Learn how to recognize trich
early to get treatment sooner.
Herpes
Herpes is the shortened name for the
herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two main strains of the virus, HSV-1 and
HSV-2. Both can be transmitted sexually. It’s a very common STD. The CDC
estimates more than
HSV-1 primarily causes oral herpes,
which is responsible for cold sores. However, HSV-1 can also be passed
from one person’s mouth to another person’s genitals during oral sex. When this
happens, HSV-1 can cause genital herpes.
HSV-2 primarily causes genital
herpes.
The most common symptom of herpes is
blistery sores. In the case of genital herpes, these sores develop on or around
the genitals. In oral herpes, they develop on or around the mouth.
Herpes sores generally crust over and
heal within a few weeks. The first outbreak is usually the most painful.
Outbreaks typically become less painful and frequent over time.
If a pregnant woman has herpes, she
can potentially pass it to her fetus in the womb or to her newborn infant
during childbirth. This so-called congenital herpes can
be very dangerous to newborns. That’s why it’s beneficial for pregnant women to
become aware of their HSV status.
There’s no cure for herpes yet. But
medications are available to help control outbreaks and alleviate the pain of
herpes sores. The same medications can also lower your chances of passing
herpes to your sexual partner.
Effective treatment and safe sexual
practices can help you lead a comfortable life with herpes and protect others
from the virus. Get the information you need to prevent, recognize, and
manage herpes.
Other STDs
Other, less common STDs include:
- chancroid
- lymphogranuloma venereum
- granuloma
inguinale
- molluscum
contagiosum
- scabies
STAY SAFE. HEALTH IS WEALTH.
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